Eye diseases

The eye can be affected by a host of diseases. Each anatomical part of the eye can present a disorder and cause an ocular problem. It is important for patients to have a clear understanding of the nature of their ocular problems in order to take good care of their vision health. This also allows managing a disease better and detecting signs of deterioration. The patient who is informed and advised has a better chance of receiving timely treatment and is more likely to feel reassured and to adhere to treatment.

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Myopia or near-sightedness

Like an old-fashioned camera, the eye has lenses in the front (the cornea and the crystalline lens) and a photo-sensitive film in the back (the retina).
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Hyperopia or far-sightedness

Hyperopia is the opposite of myopia or near-sightedness, that is, the optical power of the eye is insufficient or the eyeball too short, so that images focus on a point beyond the retina.
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Presbyopia

Presbyopia is a visual defect that makes it difficult to focus when reading or performing tasks in near vision.
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Astigmatism

Normally, the cornea and the natural lens have a curvature similar to the spherical surface of an almost perfectly round object, such as a soccer ball.
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Cataracts

Cataracts involve clouding or opacification of the eye’s natural lens, called the “crystalline lens”.
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Age-related macular degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is the leading cause of vision loss in Americans age 60 and over.
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Diabetic retinopathy

Diabetes is a very serious disease that can lead to complications such as blindness, renal failure and amputation.
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Glaucoma

Glaucoma is an eye disease that affects the optic nerve permanently and irreversibly (structural damage).
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Dry eye

Dry eye, also called “keratoconjunctivitis sicca”, is a very common and widespread syndrome. The word “dry” can be confusing, as one of the main symptoms is excessive watering.
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Blepharitis

Blepharitis is an inflammation of the eyelids that causes red, irritated, itchy eyelids and the formation of dandruff-like scales on eyelashes.
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Pink eye (conjunctivitis)

Pink eye refers to a group of diseases characterized by inflammation, itching, a burning sensation and redness of the conjunctiva.
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Uveitis

Uveitis is an inflammation of the middle layer of the eye known as the “uvea”. The layer includes the iris, the ciliary body and the choroid.
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Retinal tears or detachment

A retinal tear or detachment is generally related to a common ocular phenomenon: vitreous detachment. This is a common condition that causes no symptoms.
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